01 Innate Immunity

Innate vs adaptive

• Innate immune response can react directly to invaders
• T cells require antigen presentation from APC
• If T cells can react to any thing, then autoimmune problems

Cytokines

• interleukins: travel between leukocytes

CD

Innate

• Neutrophils on call to assist macrophages when needed

• Virus have double stranded RNA and some single stranded RNA that transiently gets copied to double
• DNA in human is methylated; bacteria has unmethylated DNA

Macrophages

• macrophages guards, ready to consume any foreigners

Phagocytosis

• proteases break down proteins, nucleases nucleotides, lysozymes cell wall

• tissue destruction from macrophages/neutrophils

• TB modifies surface of phagosome

Cytokines

• macrophages 1st line of defense: IL-1

• macrophages 1st line of defense: 1st IL
• IL1 raises set point temperature
• TNF-a kills tumors by causing coagulation in tumors, but can also cause DIC

Neutrophils

• backup cells to macrophages

• SL X: carbohydrate

• Neutrophils always have SL X, normally nothing to bind to

• ICAM always on endothelial cells, normally can't bind anything

• alk phos: low in some leukemias (CML)
• collagenase: breaks down collagen; lysozyme: breaks down cell wall; lactoferrin: found in breast milk and binds iron, lyse bacteria and kill cell in neutrophils

• LTB4

Complement

• alternative pathway: spontaneous conversion

NK cells

ADCC

• antibodies elements of adaptive immune system

• NK part of innate; T/B part of adaptive

Eosinophils

• positive charge picks up Eosin dye

Basophils

• helminths binds multiple IgE, triggering cross link and degranulation

Dendritic Cells

• star shaped
• professional antigen presenters
• battle raging in tissue; dendritic cells pick up antigen to present to T cells